Patterns:

• Endocrinological manifestations of the disease are well described in adults with DM1, but have rarely been rarely reported in children.

• Reports describing the presence of thyroid dysfunction in childhood exist, but not very common.

Symptoms:

• Insulin resistance.

• Hypothyroidism.

• Hyperparathyroidism.

• Other adult-onset endocrine and metabolic symptoms as they age.

• Loss of menstrual periods or cramps and pain with menstruation.

• Erectile dysfunction in males.

Diagnosis:

• Discuss the following tests with your doctor:

  • Detailed physical exam to review complications of the reproductive system.

  • Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and Free T4 level.

  • Fasting blood lipids, plasma glucose, liver enzymes, bilirubin levels.