Patterns:

• The same frequency of type 1 or type 2 diabetes is present as compared to the age-matched, general population, but more studies are necessary to establish the accuracy of this impression.

• DM2 may lead to alterations in the regulation of thyroid, adrenal and gonadal hormone levels.

• Hypothyroidism exacerbates DM2.

• Some reported trouble with sexual function.

• Elevation of liver enzymes.

Symptoms:

• Fluctuating levels of pain and fatigue.

• Muscle weakness and irregular muscle stiffness.

• Painful or irregular menses.

• Signs/symptoms of hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism.

Diagnosis:

• Discuss the following tests with your doctor:

  • Thyroid function - TSH and free T4 levels.

  • Liver enzymes and bilirubin levels.

  • Hyperlipidemia via testing for levels of serum lipids.

  • Sex hormones in females, glucose levels, HbA1c, PTH, Vitamin D.

Treatment:

• Refer to OB-GYN specialist as appropriate.

• Lifestyle changes in diet and exercise.

• Appropriate use of medications to normalize blood glucose and insulin levels for treatment of insulin resistance.

• Statins if needed because of an increased cardiovascular risk.